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The media of Turkey includes a wide variety of domestic and foreign periodicals expressing disparate views, and domestic newspapers are extremely competitive.〔 However, media ownership is concentrated in the hands of a few large private media groups which are typically part of wider conglomerates controlled by wealthy individuals, which limits the views that are presented.〔 In addition, the companies are willing to use their influence to support their owners' wider business interests, including by trying to maintain friendly relations with the government. The media exert a strong influence on public opinion.〔 Censorship in Turkey is also an issue, and in the 2000s Turkey has seen many journalists arrested and writers prosecuted. On Reporters without Borders' Press Freedom Index it has fallen from being ranked around 100 in 2005 to around 150 in 2013. By circulation, the most popular daily newspapers are Zaman, Posta, Hürriyet, Sabah, Habertürk and ''Sözcü''. Newspapers with oppositional editorial line against the government corresponds to 65% of daily newspapers in circulation while pro-government newspapers's share is 25%.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2008-08-29 )〕 The broadcast media have a very high penetration as satellite dishes and cable systems are widely available.〔 The "Radio and Television Supreme Council" (RTÜK) is the government body overseeing the broadcast media.〔 The largest operator is the Doğan Media Group, which in 2003 received 40 percent of the advertising revenue from newspapers and broadcast media in Turkey.〔 In 2003 a total of 257 television stations and 1,100 radio stations were licensed to operate, and others operated without licenses.〔 Of those licensed, 16 television and 36 radio stations reached national audiences.〔 In 2003 some 22.9 million televisions and 11.3 million radios were in service.〔 Aside from Turkish, the state television network offers some programs in Arabic, Circassian, Kurdish, and Zaza.〔(Turkey country profile ). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (January 2006). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''〕 ==Major media groups== In 2004 three major media groups dominated advertising revenues: Doğan Media Group and Sabah took 80% of newspaper advertising, and Doğan, Sabah and Çukurova took 70% of television advertising.〔 "In the Turkish context, highly concentrated corporate media power (such as Dogan’s) is even more significant when three additional factors are considered: (1) the willingness of corporate owners to ‘instrumentalize’ reporting in order to fit the wider political-economic interests of the parent company; (2) the weakness of journalists and other employees in the face of the power of corporate owners; and (3) the fact that corporate power is combined with restrictive state regulation on issues of freedom of speech."〔 * Doğan Media Group (Aydın Doğan / Arzuhan Yalçındağ) had two-thirds of all newspaper advertising revenue in 2004, and following the 2005 purchase of Star TV had 25-30% of the TV audience.〔Christian Christensen (2007), "Concentration of ownership, the fall of unions and government legislation in Turkey", Global Media and Communication, August 2007 3: 179-199, doi:10.1177/1742766507078416〕 (It sold Star TV to Doğuş Media Group in 2011). * Doğuş Media Group (Ayhan Şahenk / Ferit Şahenk) * Turkuvaz Media Group of Çalık Holding (Ahmet Çalık) * Çukurova Media Group of Çukurova Holding (Mehmet Emin Karamehmet) * Ciner Media Group (Turgay Ciner) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Media of Turkey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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